Index: lams_admin/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/admin/adminApplicationContext.xml
===================================================================
diff -u -r62aaf160878735888d077bf28fac3c1989bb8fbd -r01c2a55767c613282c319ed8b38a0c78712e3661
--- lams_admin/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/admin/adminApplicationContext.xml	(.../adminApplicationContext.xml)	(revision 62aaf160878735888d077bf28fac3c1989bb8fbd)
+++ lams_admin/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/admin/adminApplicationContext.xml	(.../adminApplicationContext.xml)	(revision 01c2a55767c613282c319ed8b38a0c78712e3661)
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
            				   
 	<bean id="adminMessageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource">
 		<property name="basename"><value>org.lamsfoundation.lams.admin.ApplicationResources</value></property>
+		<property name="defaultEncoding" value="UTF-8" />
 	</bean>
 	<bean id="adminMessageService" class="org.lamsfoundation.lams.util.MessageService" >
 		<property name="messageSource"><ref bean="adminMessageSource"/></property>										
Index: lams_central/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/authoring/authoringApplicationContext.xml
===================================================================
diff -u -r713a4d2055ba7766354709db2ae65dacfb5d2b1a -r01c2a55767c613282c319ed8b38a0c78712e3661
--- lams_central/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/authoring/authoringApplicationContext.xml	(.../authoringApplicationContext.xml)	(revision 713a4d2055ba7766354709db2ae65dacfb5d2b1a)
+++ lams_central/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/authoring/authoringApplicationContext.xml	(.../authoringApplicationContext.xml)	(revision 01c2a55767c613282c319ed8b38a0c78712e3661)
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 				<property name="basename">
 					<value>org.lamsfoundation.lams.central.ApplicationResources</value>
 				</property>
+				<property name="defaultEncoding" value="UTF-8" />
 			</bean>
 		</property>
     	</bean>
Index: lams_central/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/web/webApplicationContext.xml
===================================================================
diff -u -r62aaf160878735888d077bf28fac3c1989bb8fbd -r01c2a55767c613282c319ed8b38a0c78712e3661
--- lams_central/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/web/webApplicationContext.xml	(.../webApplicationContext.xml)	(revision 62aaf160878735888d077bf28fac3c1989bb8fbd)
+++ lams_central/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/web/webApplicationContext.xml	(.../webApplicationContext.xml)	(revision 01c2a55767c613282c319ed8b38a0c78712e3661)
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 	
 	<bean id="centralMessageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource">
 		<property name="basename"><value>org.lamsfoundation.lams.central.ApplicationResources</value></property>
+		<property name="defaultEncoding" value="UTF-8" />
 	</bean>
 	<bean id="centralMessageService" class="org.lamsfoundation.lams.util.MessageService" >
 		<property name="messageSource"><ref bean="centralMessageSource"/></property>										
Index: lams_central/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/workspace/workspaceApplicationContext.xml
===================================================================
diff -u -r713a4d2055ba7766354709db2ae65dacfb5d2b1a -r01c2a55767c613282c319ed8b38a0c78712e3661
--- lams_central/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/workspace/workspaceApplicationContext.xml	(.../workspaceApplicationContext.xml)	(revision 713a4d2055ba7766354709db2ae65dacfb5d2b1a)
+++ lams_central/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/workspace/workspaceApplicationContext.xml	(.../workspaceApplicationContext.xml)	(revision 01c2a55767c613282c319ed8b38a0c78712e3661)
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 				<property name="basename">
 					<value>org.lamsfoundation.lams.central.ApplicationResources</value>
 				</property>
+				<property name="defaultEncoding" value="UTF-8" />
 			</bean>
 		</property>
     </bean>
Index: lams_common/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/commonContext.xml
===================================================================
diff -u -ra5b247dd91cb3ffabf9de46cba029e5537fad087 -r01c2a55767c613282c319ed8b38a0c78712e3661
--- lams_common/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/commonContext.xml	(.../commonContext.xml)	(revision a5b247dd91cb3ffabf9de46cba029e5537fad087)
+++ lams_common/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/commonContext.xml	(.../commonContext.xml)	(revision 01c2a55767c613282c319ed8b38a0c78712e3661)
@@ -312,6 +312,7 @@
     	
     <!--  Each message service created by loadedMessageService is a ResourceBundleMessageSource -->
 	<bean id="loadedMessageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource" scope="prototype">
+		<property name="defaultEncoding" value="UTF-8" />
 	</bean>
 			
 	<!--  Core Notebook Service -->
Index: lams_common/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/messageContext.xml
===================================================================
diff -u -r7475d08afc280b5e2e5ddf04e8bf35e3166aaf80 -r01c2a55767c613282c319ed8b38a0c78712e3661
--- lams_common/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/messageContext.xml	(.../messageContext.xml)	(revision 7475d08afc280b5e2e5ddf04e8bf35e3166aaf80)
+++ lams_common/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/messageContext.xml	(.../messageContext.xml)	(revision 01c2a55767c613282c319ed8b38a0c78712e3661)
@@ -16,7 +16,8 @@
 			<bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource">
 				<property name="basename">
 					<value>org.lamsfoundation.lams.ApplicationResources</value>
-				</property>										
+				</property>		
+				<property name="defaultEncoding" value="UTF-8" />								
 			</bean>
 		</property>
     </bean>
Index: lams_gradebook/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/gradebook/gradebookApplicationContext.xml
===================================================================
diff -u -r713a4d2055ba7766354709db2ae65dacfb5d2b1a -r01c2a55767c613282c319ed8b38a0c78712e3661
--- lams_gradebook/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/gradebook/gradebookApplicationContext.xml	(.../gradebookApplicationContext.xml)	(revision 713a4d2055ba7766354709db2ae65dacfb5d2b1a)
+++ lams_gradebook/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/gradebook/gradebookApplicationContext.xml	(.../gradebookApplicationContext.xml)	(revision 01c2a55767c613282c319ed8b38a0c78712e3661)
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 		<property name="messageSource">
 			<bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource">
 				<property name="basename"><value>org.lamsfoundation.lams.gradebook.ApplicationResources</value></property>
+				<property name="defaultEncoding" value="UTF-8" />
 			</bean>
 		</property>										
 	</bean>
Index: lams_learning/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/learning/learningApplicationContext.xml
===================================================================
diff -u -r713a4d2055ba7766354709db2ae65dacfb5d2b1a -r01c2a55767c613282c319ed8b38a0c78712e3661
--- lams_learning/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/learning/learningApplicationContext.xml	(.../learningApplicationContext.xml)	(revision 713a4d2055ba7766354709db2ae65dacfb5d2b1a)
+++ lams_learning/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/learning/learningApplicationContext.xml	(.../learningApplicationContext.xml)	(revision 01c2a55767c613282c319ed8b38a0c78712e3661)
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 		<property name="basename">
 			<value>org.lamsfoundation.lams.monitoring.ApplicationResources</value>
 		</property>
+		<property name="defaultEncoding" value="UTF-8" />
 	</bean>
 	
 	<bean id="monitoringMessageService" class="org.lamsfoundation.lams.util.MessageService" >
@@ -25,10 +26,11 @@
 		<property name="basename">
 			<value>org.lamsfoundation.lams.learning.ApplicationResources</value>
 		</property>
+		<property name="defaultEncoding" value="UTF-8" />
 	</bean>
 	
 	<bean id="learningMessageService" class="org.lamsfoundation.lams.util.MessageService" >
-		<property name="messageSource" ref="learningMessageSource" />								
+		<property name="messageSource" ref="learningMessageSource" />	
 	</bean>
 	
 	<!-- ========================= BUSINESS OBJECT DEFINITIONS ======================== -->
Index: lams_monitoring/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/monitoring/monitoringApplicationContext.xml
===================================================================
diff -u -r713a4d2055ba7766354709db2ae65dacfb5d2b1a -r01c2a55767c613282c319ed8b38a0c78712e3661
--- lams_monitoring/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/monitoring/monitoringApplicationContext.xml	(.../monitoringApplicationContext.xml)	(revision 713a4d2055ba7766354709db2ae65dacfb5d2b1a)
+++ lams_monitoring/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/monitoring/monitoringApplicationContext.xml	(.../monitoringApplicationContext.xml)	(revision 01c2a55767c613282c319ed8b38a0c78712e3661)
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 			<property name="basename">
 				<value>org.lamsfoundation.lams.monitoring.ApplicationResources</value>
 			</property>
+			<property name="defaultEncoding" value="UTF-8" />
 		</bean>
 
 	<!-- ========================= GENERAL DEFINITIONS ========================= -->
Index: lams_tool_assessment/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/tool/assessment/assessmentApplicationContext.xml
===================================================================
diff -u -r713a4d2055ba7766354709db2ae65dacfb5d2b1a -r01c2a55767c613282c319ed8b38a0c78712e3661
--- lams_tool_assessment/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/tool/assessment/assessmentApplicationContext.xml	(.../assessmentApplicationContext.xml)	(revision 713a4d2055ba7766354709db2ae65dacfb5d2b1a)
+++ lams_tool_assessment/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/tool/assessment/assessmentApplicationContext.xml	(.../assessmentApplicationContext.xml)	(revision 01c2a55767c613282c319ed8b38a0c78712e3661)
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 		<property name="messageSource">
 			<bean id="laasseMessageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource">
 				<property name="basename"><value>org.lamsfoundation.lams.tool.assessment.ApplicationResources</value></property>
+				<property name="defaultEncoding" value="UTF-8" />
 			</bean>
 		</property>										
 	</bean>
Index: lams_tool_chat/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/tool/chat/chatApplicationContext.xml
===================================================================
diff -u -r713a4d2055ba7766354709db2ae65dacfb5d2b1a -r01c2a55767c613282c319ed8b38a0c78712e3661
--- lams_tool_chat/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/tool/chat/chatApplicationContext.xml	(.../chatApplicationContext.xml)	(revision 713a4d2055ba7766354709db2ae65dacfb5d2b1a)
+++ lams_tool_chat/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/tool/chat/chatApplicationContext.xml	(.../chatApplicationContext.xml)	(revision 01c2a55767c613282c319ed8b38a0c78712e3661)
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 		<property name="messageSource">
 			<bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource">
 				<property name="basename"><value>org.lamsfoundation.lams.tool.chat.ApplicationResources</value></property>
+				<property name="defaultEncoding" value="UTF-8" />
 			</bean>
 		</property>										
 	</bean>
Index: lams_tool_daco/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/tool/daco/dacoApplicationContext.xml
===================================================================
diff -u -r713a4d2055ba7766354709db2ae65dacfb5d2b1a -r01c2a55767c613282c319ed8b38a0c78712e3661
--- lams_tool_daco/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/tool/daco/dacoApplicationContext.xml	(.../dacoApplicationContext.xml)	(revision 713a4d2055ba7766354709db2ae65dacfb5d2b1a)
+++ lams_tool_daco/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/tool/daco/dacoApplicationContext.xml	(.../dacoApplicationContext.xml)	(revision 01c2a55767c613282c319ed8b38a0c78712e3661)
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 		<property name="messageSource">
 			<bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource">
 				<property name="basename"><value>org.lamsfoundation.lams.tool.daco.ApplicationResources</value></property>
+				<property name="defaultEncoding" value="UTF-8" />
 			</bean>
 		</property>										
 	</bean>
Index: lams_tool_doku/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/tool/dokumaran/dokumaranApplicationContext.xml
===================================================================
diff -u -r5ce80833bb0828de219fc5b59e9e73c365da8559 -r01c2a55767c613282c319ed8b38a0c78712e3661
--- lams_tool_doku/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/tool/dokumaran/dokumaranApplicationContext.xml	(.../dokumaranApplicationContext.xml)	(revision 5ce80833bb0828de219fc5b59e9e73c365da8559)
+++ lams_tool_doku/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/tool/dokumaran/dokumaranApplicationContext.xml	(.../dokumaranApplicationContext.xml)	(revision 01c2a55767c613282c319ed8b38a0c78712e3661)
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 		<property name="messageSource">
 			<bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource">
 				<property name="basename"><value>org.lamsfoundation.lams.tool.dokumaran.ApplicationResources</value></property>
+				<property name="defaultEncoding" value="UTF-8" />
 			</bean>
 		</property>										
 	</bean>
Index: lams_tool_forum/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/tool/forum/forumApplicationContext.xml
===================================================================
diff -u -ra5b247dd91cb3ffabf9de46cba029e5537fad087 -r01c2a55767c613282c319ed8b38a0c78712e3661
--- lams_tool_forum/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/tool/forum/forumApplicationContext.xml	(.../forumApplicationContext.xml)	(revision a5b247dd91cb3ffabf9de46cba029e5537fad087)
+++ lams_tool_forum/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/tool/forum/forumApplicationContext.xml	(.../forumApplicationContext.xml)	(revision 01c2a55767c613282c319ed8b38a0c78712e3661)
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 				<property name="basename">
 					<value>org.lamsfoundation.lams.tool.forum.ApplicationResources</value>
 				</property>
+				<property name="defaultEncoding" value="UTF-8" />
 			</bean>
 		</property>
 	</bean>
Index: lams_tool_images/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/tool/imageGallery/imageGalleryApplicationContext.xml
===================================================================
diff -u -r713a4d2055ba7766354709db2ae65dacfb5d2b1a -r01c2a55767c613282c319ed8b38a0c78712e3661
--- lams_tool_images/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/tool/imageGallery/imageGalleryApplicationContext.xml	(.../imageGalleryApplicationContext.xml)	(revision 713a4d2055ba7766354709db2ae65dacfb5d2b1a)
+++ lams_tool_images/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/tool/imageGallery/imageGalleryApplicationContext.xml	(.../imageGalleryApplicationContext.xml)	(revision 01c2a55767c613282c319ed8b38a0c78712e3661)
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
            				   
 	<bean id="laimagMessageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource">
 		<property name="basename"><value>org.lamsfoundation.lams.tool.imageGallery.ApplicationResources</value></property>
+		<property name="defaultEncoding" value="UTF-8" />
 	</bean>
 	<bean id="laimagMessageService" class="org.lamsfoundation.lams.util.MessageService" >
 		<property name="messageSource"><ref bean="laimagMessageSource"/></property>										
Index: lams_tool_imscc/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/tool/commonCartridge/commonCartridgeApplicationContext.xml
===================================================================
diff -u -r713a4d2055ba7766354709db2ae65dacfb5d2b1a -r01c2a55767c613282c319ed8b38a0c78712e3661
--- lams_tool_imscc/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/tool/commonCartridge/commonCartridgeApplicationContext.xml	(.../commonCartridgeApplicationContext.xml)	(revision 713a4d2055ba7766354709db2ae65dacfb5d2b1a)
+++ lams_tool_imscc/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/tool/commonCartridge/commonCartridgeApplicationContext.xml	(.../commonCartridgeApplicationContext.xml)	(revision 01c2a55767c613282c319ed8b38a0c78712e3661)
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 		<property name="messageSource">
 			<bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource">
 				<property name="basename"><value>org.lamsfoundation.lams.tool.commonCartridge.ApplicationResources</value></property>
+				<property name="defaultEncoding" value="UTF-8" />
 			</bean>
 		</property>										
 	</bean>
Index: lams_tool_lamc/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/tool/mc/mcApplicationContext.xml
===================================================================
diff -u -r713a4d2055ba7766354709db2ae65dacfb5d2b1a -r01c2a55767c613282c319ed8b38a0c78712e3661
--- lams_tool_lamc/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/tool/mc/mcApplicationContext.xml	(.../mcApplicationContext.xml)	(revision 713a4d2055ba7766354709db2ae65dacfb5d2b1a)
+++ lams_tool_lamc/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/tool/mc/mcApplicationContext.xml	(.../mcApplicationContext.xml)	(revision 01c2a55767c613282c319ed8b38a0c78712e3661)
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@
 
 	<bean id="lamcMessageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource">
 		<property name="basename"><value>org.lamsfoundation.lams.tool.mc.ApplicationResources</value></property>
+		<property name="defaultEncoding" value="UTF-8" />
 	</bean>
 	
 	<bean id="lamcMessageService" class="org.lamsfoundation.lams.util.MessageService" >
Index: lams_tool_laqa/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/tool/qa/qaApplicationContext.xml
===================================================================
diff -u -r713a4d2055ba7766354709db2ae65dacfb5d2b1a -r01c2a55767c613282c319ed8b38a0c78712e3661
--- lams_tool_laqa/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/tool/qa/qaApplicationContext.xml	(.../qaApplicationContext.xml)	(revision 713a4d2055ba7766354709db2ae65dacfb5d2b1a)
+++ lams_tool_laqa/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/tool/qa/qaApplicationContext.xml	(.../qaApplicationContext.xml)	(revision 01c2a55767c613282c319ed8b38a0c78712e3661)
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 		<property name="messageSource">
 			<bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource">
 				<property name="basename"><value>org.lamsfoundation.lams.tool.qa.ApplicationResources</value></property>
+				<property name="defaultEncoding" value="UTF-8" />
 			</bean>
 		</property>										
 	</bean>
Index: lams_tool_larsrc/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/tool/rsrc/rsrcApplicationContext.xml
===================================================================
diff -u -r713a4d2055ba7766354709db2ae65dacfb5d2b1a -r01c2a55767c613282c319ed8b38a0c78712e3661
--- lams_tool_larsrc/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/tool/rsrc/rsrcApplicationContext.xml	(.../rsrcApplicationContext.xml)	(revision 713a4d2055ba7766354709db2ae65dacfb5d2b1a)
+++ lams_tool_larsrc/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/tool/rsrc/rsrcApplicationContext.xml	(.../rsrcApplicationContext.xml)	(revision 01c2a55767c613282c319ed8b38a0c78712e3661)
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 		<property name="messageSource">
 			<bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource">
 				<property name="basename"><value>org.lamsfoundation.lams.tool.rsrc.ApplicationResources</value></property>
+				<property name="defaultEncoding" value="UTF-8" />
 			</bean>
 		</property>										
 	</bean>
Index: lams_tool_leader/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/tool/leaderselection/leaderselectionApplicationContext.xml
===================================================================
diff -u -r713a4d2055ba7766354709db2ae65dacfb5d2b1a -r01c2a55767c613282c319ed8b38a0c78712e3661
--- lams_tool_leader/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/tool/leaderselection/leaderselectionApplicationContext.xml	(.../leaderselectionApplicationContext.xml)	(revision 713a4d2055ba7766354709db2ae65dacfb5d2b1a)
+++ lams_tool_leader/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/tool/leaderselection/leaderselectionApplicationContext.xml	(.../leaderselectionApplicationContext.xml)	(revision 01c2a55767c613282c319ed8b38a0c78712e3661)
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 		<property name="messageSource">
 			<bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource">
 				<property name="basename"><value>org.lamsfoundation.lams.tool.leaderselection.ApplicationResources</value></property>
+				<property name="defaultEncoding" value="UTF-8" />
 			</bean>
 		</property>										
 	</bean>
Index: lams_tool_mindmap/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/tool/mindmap/mindmapApplicationContext.xml
===================================================================
diff -u -r713a4d2055ba7766354709db2ae65dacfb5d2b1a -r01c2a55767c613282c319ed8b38a0c78712e3661
--- lams_tool_mindmap/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/tool/mindmap/mindmapApplicationContext.xml	(.../mindmapApplicationContext.xml)	(revision 713a4d2055ba7766354709db2ae65dacfb5d2b1a)
+++ lams_tool_mindmap/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/tool/mindmap/mindmapApplicationContext.xml	(.../mindmapApplicationContext.xml)	(revision 01c2a55767c613282c319ed8b38a0c78712e3661)
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 		<property name="messageSource">
 			<bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource">
 				<property name="basename"><value>org.lamsfoundation.lams.tool.mindmap.ApplicationResources</value></property>
+				<property name="defaultEncoding" value="UTF-8" />
 			</bean>
 		</property>
 	</bean>
Index: lams_tool_nb/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/tool/noticeboard/nbApplicationContext.xml
===================================================================
diff -u -r713a4d2055ba7766354709db2ae65dacfb5d2b1a -r01c2a55767c613282c319ed8b38a0c78712e3661
--- lams_tool_nb/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/tool/noticeboard/nbApplicationContext.xml	(.../nbApplicationContext.xml)	(revision 713a4d2055ba7766354709db2ae65dacfb5d2b1a)
+++ lams_tool_nb/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/tool/noticeboard/nbApplicationContext.xml	(.../nbApplicationContext.xml)	(revision 01c2a55767c613282c319ed8b38a0c78712e3661)
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@
 		<property name="messageSource">
 			<bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource">
 				<property name="basename"><value>org.lamsfoundation.lams.tool.noticeboard.ApplicationResources</value></property>
+				<property name="defaultEncoding" value="UTF-8" />
 			</bean>
 		</property>										
 	</bean>
Index: lams_tool_notebook/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/tool/notebook/notebookApplicationContext.xml
===================================================================
diff -u -r713a4d2055ba7766354709db2ae65dacfb5d2b1a -r01c2a55767c613282c319ed8b38a0c78712e3661
--- lams_tool_notebook/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/tool/notebook/notebookApplicationContext.xml	(.../notebookApplicationContext.xml)	(revision 713a4d2055ba7766354709db2ae65dacfb5d2b1a)
+++ lams_tool_notebook/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/tool/notebook/notebookApplicationContext.xml	(.../notebookApplicationContext.xml)	(revision 01c2a55767c613282c319ed8b38a0c78712e3661)
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 		<property name="messageSource">
 			<bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource">
 				<property name="basename"><value>org.lamsfoundation.lams.tool.notebook.ApplicationResources</value></property>
+				<property name="defaultEncoding" value="UTF-8" />
 			</bean>
 		</property>										
 	</bean>
Index: lams_tool_pixlr/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/tool/pixlr/pixlrApplicationContext.xml
===================================================================
diff -u -r713a4d2055ba7766354709db2ae65dacfb5d2b1a -r01c2a55767c613282c319ed8b38a0c78712e3661
--- lams_tool_pixlr/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/tool/pixlr/pixlrApplicationContext.xml	(.../pixlrApplicationContext.xml)	(revision 713a4d2055ba7766354709db2ae65dacfb5d2b1a)
+++ lams_tool_pixlr/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/tool/pixlr/pixlrApplicationContext.xml	(.../pixlrApplicationContext.xml)	(revision 01c2a55767c613282c319ed8b38a0c78712e3661)
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 		<property name="messageSource">
 			<bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource">
 				<property name="basename"><value>org.lamsfoundation.lams.tool.pixlr.ApplicationResources</value></property>
+				<property name="defaultEncoding" value="UTF-8" />
 			</bean>
 		</property>										
 	</bean>
Index: lams_tool_preview/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/tool/peerreview/peerreviewApplicationContext.xml
===================================================================
diff -u -r713a4d2055ba7766354709db2ae65dacfb5d2b1a -r01c2a55767c613282c319ed8b38a0c78712e3661
--- lams_tool_preview/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/tool/peerreview/peerreviewApplicationContext.xml	(.../peerreviewApplicationContext.xml)	(revision 713a4d2055ba7766354709db2ae65dacfb5d2b1a)
+++ lams_tool_preview/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/tool/peerreview/peerreviewApplicationContext.xml	(.../peerreviewApplicationContext.xml)	(revision 01c2a55767c613282c319ed8b38a0c78712e3661)
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 		<property name="messageSource">
 			<bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource">
 				<property name="basename"><value>org.lamsfoundation.lams.tool.peerreview.ApplicationResources</value></property>
+				<property name="defaultEncoding" value="UTF-8" />
 			</bean>
 		</property>										
 	</bean>
Index: lams_tool_sbmt/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/tool/sbmt/submitFilesApplicationContext.xml
===================================================================
diff -u -r713a4d2055ba7766354709db2ae65dacfb5d2b1a -r01c2a55767c613282c319ed8b38a0c78712e3661
--- lams_tool_sbmt/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/tool/sbmt/submitFilesApplicationContext.xml	(.../submitFilesApplicationContext.xml)	(revision 713a4d2055ba7766354709db2ae65dacfb5d2b1a)
+++ lams_tool_sbmt/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/tool/sbmt/submitFilesApplicationContext.xml	(.../submitFilesApplicationContext.xml)	(revision 01c2a55767c613282c319ed8b38a0c78712e3661)
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 		<property name="messageSource">
 			<bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource">
 				<property name="basename"><value>org.lamsfoundation.lams.tool.sbmt.ApplicationResources</value></property>
+				<property name="defaultEncoding" value="UTF-8" />
 			</bean>
 		</property>										
 	</bean>
Index: lams_tool_scratchie/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/tool/scratchie/scratchieApplicationContext.xml
===================================================================
diff -u -r713a4d2055ba7766354709db2ae65dacfb5d2b1a -r01c2a55767c613282c319ed8b38a0c78712e3661
--- lams_tool_scratchie/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/tool/scratchie/scratchieApplicationContext.xml	(.../scratchieApplicationContext.xml)	(revision 713a4d2055ba7766354709db2ae65dacfb5d2b1a)
+++ lams_tool_scratchie/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/tool/scratchie/scratchieApplicationContext.xml	(.../scratchieApplicationContext.xml)	(revision 01c2a55767c613282c319ed8b38a0c78712e3661)
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 		<property name="messageSource">
 			<bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource">
 				<property name="basename"><value>org.lamsfoundation.lams.tool.scratchie.ApplicationResources</value></property>
+				<property name="defaultEncoding" value="UTF-8" />
 			</bean>
 		</property>										
 	</bean>
Index: lams_tool_scribe/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/tool/scribe/scribeApplicationContext.xml
===================================================================
diff -u -r713a4d2055ba7766354709db2ae65dacfb5d2b1a -r01c2a55767c613282c319ed8b38a0c78712e3661
--- lams_tool_scribe/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/tool/scribe/scribeApplicationContext.xml	(.../scribeApplicationContext.xml)	(revision 713a4d2055ba7766354709db2ae65dacfb5d2b1a)
+++ lams_tool_scribe/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/tool/scribe/scribeApplicationContext.xml	(.../scribeApplicationContext.xml)	(revision 01c2a55767c613282c319ed8b38a0c78712e3661)
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 	<!-- ========================= BUSINESS OBJECT DEFINITIONS ======================== -->
 	<bean id="lascrbMessageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource">
 	<property name="basename"><value>org.lamsfoundation.lams.tool.scribe.ApplicationResources</value></property>
+	<property name="defaultEncoding" value="UTF-8" />
 	</bean>
 	<bean id="lascrbMessageService" class="org.lamsfoundation.lams.util.MessageService" >
 		<property name="messageSource"><ref bean="lascrbMessageSource"/></property>										
Index: lams_tool_spreadsheet/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/tool/spreadsheet/spreadsheetApplicationContext.xml
===================================================================
diff -u -r713a4d2055ba7766354709db2ae65dacfb5d2b1a -r01c2a55767c613282c319ed8b38a0c78712e3661
--- lams_tool_spreadsheet/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/tool/spreadsheet/spreadsheetApplicationContext.xml	(.../spreadsheetApplicationContext.xml)	(revision 713a4d2055ba7766354709db2ae65dacfb5d2b1a)
+++ lams_tool_spreadsheet/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/tool/spreadsheet/spreadsheetApplicationContext.xml	(.../spreadsheetApplicationContext.xml)	(revision 01c2a55767c613282c319ed8b38a0c78712e3661)
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 		<property name="messageSource">
 			<bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource">
 				<property name="basename"><value>org.lamsfoundation.lams.tool.spreadsheet.ApplicationResources</value></property>
+				<property name="defaultEncoding" value="UTF-8" />
 			</bean>
 		</property>										
 	</bean>
Index: lams_tool_survey/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/tool/survey/surveyApplicationContext.xml
===================================================================
diff -u -r713a4d2055ba7766354709db2ae65dacfb5d2b1a -r01c2a55767c613282c319ed8b38a0c78712e3661
--- lams_tool_survey/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/tool/survey/surveyApplicationContext.xml	(.../surveyApplicationContext.xml)	(revision 713a4d2055ba7766354709db2ae65dacfb5d2b1a)
+++ lams_tool_survey/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/tool/survey/surveyApplicationContext.xml	(.../surveyApplicationContext.xml)	(revision 01c2a55767c613282c319ed8b38a0c78712e3661)
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 
 	<bean id="lasurvMessageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource">
 		<property name="basename"><value>org.lamsfoundation.lams.tool.survey.ApplicationResources</value></property>
+		<property name="defaultEncoding" value="UTF-8" />
 	</bean>
 	<bean id="lasurvMessageService" class="org.lamsfoundation.lams.util.MessageService" >
 		<property name="messageSource"><ref bean="lasurvMessageSource"/></property>										
Index: lams_tool_task/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/tool/taskList/taskListApplicationContext.xml
===================================================================
diff -u -r713a4d2055ba7766354709db2ae65dacfb5d2b1a -r01c2a55767c613282c319ed8b38a0c78712e3661
--- lams_tool_task/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/tool/taskList/taskListApplicationContext.xml	(.../taskListApplicationContext.xml)	(revision 713a4d2055ba7766354709db2ae65dacfb5d2b1a)
+++ lams_tool_task/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/tool/taskList/taskListApplicationContext.xml	(.../taskListApplicationContext.xml)	(revision 01c2a55767c613282c319ed8b38a0c78712e3661)
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 
 	<bean id="lataskMessageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource">
 		<property name="basename"><value>org.lamsfoundation.lams.tool.taskList.ApplicationResources</value></property>
+		<property name="defaultEncoding" value="UTF-8" />
 	</bean>
 	<bean id="lataskMessageService" class="org.lamsfoundation.lams.util.MessageService" >
 		<property name="messageSource"><ref bean="lataskMessageSource"/></property>										
Index: lams_tool_vote/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/tool/vote/voteApplicationContext.xml
===================================================================
diff -u -r713a4d2055ba7766354709db2ae65dacfb5d2b1a -r01c2a55767c613282c319ed8b38a0c78712e3661
--- lams_tool_vote/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/tool/vote/voteApplicationContext.xml	(.../voteApplicationContext.xml)	(revision 713a4d2055ba7766354709db2ae65dacfb5d2b1a)
+++ lams_tool_vote/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/tool/vote/voteApplicationContext.xml	(.../voteApplicationContext.xml)	(revision 01c2a55767c613282c319ed8b38a0c78712e3661)
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 	<!-- ========================= RESOURCE DEFINITIONS ========================= -->
 	<bean id="lavoteMessageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource">
 		<property name="basename"><value>org.lamsfoundation.lams.tool.vote.ApplicationResources</value></property>
+		<property name="defaultEncoding" value="UTF-8" />
 	</bean>
 	<bean id="lavoteMessageService" class="org.lamsfoundation.lams.util.MessageService" >
 		<property name="messageSource"><ref bean="lavoteMessageSource"/></property>										
Index: lams_tool_wiki/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/tool/wiki/wikiApplicationContext.xml
===================================================================
diff -u -r713a4d2055ba7766354709db2ae65dacfb5d2b1a -r01c2a55767c613282c319ed8b38a0c78712e3661
--- lams_tool_wiki/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/tool/wiki/wikiApplicationContext.xml	(.../wikiApplicationContext.xml)	(revision 713a4d2055ba7766354709db2ae65dacfb5d2b1a)
+++ lams_tool_wiki/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/tool/wiki/wikiApplicationContext.xml	(.../wikiApplicationContext.xml)	(revision 01c2a55767c613282c319ed8b38a0c78712e3661)
@@ -98,6 +98,7 @@
 		<property name="messageSource">
 			<bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource">
 				<property name="basename"><value>org.lamsfoundation.lams.tool.wiki.ApplicationResources</value></property>
+				<property name="defaultEncoding" value="UTF-8" />
 			</bean>
 		</property>										
 	</bean>
Index: lams_tool_zoom/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/tool/zoom/zoomApplicationContext.xml
===================================================================
diff -u -r713a4d2055ba7766354709db2ae65dacfb5d2b1a -r01c2a55767c613282c319ed8b38a0c78712e3661
--- lams_tool_zoom/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/tool/zoom/zoomApplicationContext.xml	(.../zoomApplicationContext.xml)	(revision 713a4d2055ba7766354709db2ae65dacfb5d2b1a)
+++ lams_tool_zoom/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/tool/zoom/zoomApplicationContext.xml	(.../zoomApplicationContext.xml)	(revision 01c2a55767c613282c319ed8b38a0c78712e3661)
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 		<property name="messageSource">
 			<bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource">
 				<property name="basename"><value>org.lamsfoundation.lams.tool.zoom.ApplicationResources</value></property>
+				<property name="defaultEncoding" value="UTF-8" />
 			</bean>
 		</property>										
 	</bean>