Index: lams_tool_scribe/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/tool/scribe/service/ScribeService.java
===================================================================
diff -u -racf48dfa2651bb60b7ea02898d804d79e444aa73 -ref5e87e691634eff411341802648d7deb8b4ad73
--- lams_tool_scribe/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/tool/scribe/service/ScribeService.java	(.../ScribeService.java)	(revision acf48dfa2651bb60b7ea02898d804d79e444aa73)
+++ lams_tool_scribe/src/java/org/lamsfoundation/lams/tool/scribe/service/ScribeService.java	(.../ScribeService.java)	(revision ef5e87e691634eff411341802648d7deb8b4ad73)
@@ -628,7 +628,7 @@
     /** Used by the Rest calls to create content. 
      * Mandatory fields in toolContentJSON: "title", "instructions", "questions".
      * Questions must contain a JSONArray of JSONObject objects, which have the following mandatory fields: "displayOrder", "questionText"
-     * There should be at least one topic object in the "questions" array.
+     * There must be at least one topic object in the "questions" array.
      */
     @Override
     public void createRestToolContent(Integer userID, Long toolContentID, JSONObject toolContentJSON) throws JSONException {
@@ -653,21 +653,39 @@
 	scribe.setReflectOnActivity(JsonUtil.opt(toolContentJSON, RestTags.REFLECT_ON_ACTIVITY, Boolean.FALSE));
 	scribe.setShowAggregatedReports(JsonUtil.opt(toolContentJSON, "showAggregatedReports", Boolean.FALSE));
 
-	Set headings = scribe.getScribeHeadings();
-	if ( headings == null ) {
-	    headings = new HashSet();
-	    scribe.setScribeHeadings(headings);
+	if ( scribe.getScribeHeadings() == null ) {
+	    scribe.setScribeHeadings(new HashSet());
 	}
+
 	JSONArray topics = toolContentJSON.getJSONArray(RestTags.QUESTIONS);
 	for ( int i=0; i<topics.length(); i++) {
 	    JSONObject topic = topics.getJSONObject(i);
 	    ScribeHeading heading = new ScribeHeading();
 	    heading.setDisplayOrder(topic.getInt(RestTags.DISPLAY_ORDER));
 	    heading.setHeadingText(topic.getString(RestTags.QUESTION_TEXT));
 	    heading.setScribe(scribe);
-	    headings.add(heading);
+	    scribe.getScribeHeadings().add(heading);
 	}
 
+	// must have at least one heading - it should be supplied by the caller but have a backup just in case.
+	// if we don't, the scribe can't actually enter any text!
+	if ( scribe.getScribeHeadings().size() == 0 ) {
+	    ScribeHeading heading = new ScribeHeading();
+	    heading.setDisplayOrder(1);
+
+	    Scribe defaultContent = getDefaultContent();
+	    Set defaultHeadings = defaultContent.getScribeHeadings();
+	    if ( defaultHeadings != null && defaultHeadings.size() > 0 ) {
+		Iterator iter = defaultHeadings.iterator();
+		if ( iter.hasNext() )
+		    heading.setHeadingText(((ScribeHeading)iter.next()).getHeadingText());
+	    }
+	    if ( heading.getHeadingText() == null )
+		heading.setHeadingText("Heading");
+	    
+	    heading.setScribe(scribe);
+	    scribe.getScribeHeadings().add(heading);
+	}
 	saveOrUpdateScribe(scribe);
 
     }